云南松林野生食用菌物种多样性及保护对策 Species diversity of wild edible mushrooms from Pinus yunnanensis forests and conservation strategies 于富强 刘培贵 摘 要：近年来,随着野生食用菌的商业化采收规模急剧扩大,云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)林下野生食用菌尤其是野生贸易真菌的种类和产量呈逐年下降趋势.作者于2000-2004年夏,对滇中及其邻近地区云南松林下野生食用菌的资源状况进行了调查研究.作者共采集、鉴定标本457号,并对他人采自云南松林下的152号馆藏标本也进行了重新鉴定,共统计野生食用菌27科39属147种(含变种、变型);同时对市场上出售的采自云南松林下的野生食用菌类群也进行了调查统计,共收集、鉴定标本167号,计21科33属97种(含变种、变型).调查结果显示,目前记录云南松林产野生食用菌共计27科43属211种(含变种、变型),野生贸易真菌有23科35属111种(含变种、变型).其中红菇科(Russulaceae)的种数最多,包括红菇属(Russula)32种,乳菇属(Lactarius)17种,分别占总种数的15.17%和8.06%;牛肝菌科(Boletaceae)占第二位,有41种,占总种数的19.43%.其次是口蘑科(Tricholomataceae)17种,占总种数的8.06%.丛枝瑚菌科(Ramariaceae)有11种,乳牛肝菌科(Suillaceae)11种,鸡油菌科(Cantharellaceae)9种,三者的种数占总种数的百分比分别为5.21%、5.21%和4.27%.在这些类群当中,红菇属、牛肝菌属(Boletus)、乳菇属、乳牛肝菌属(Suillus)、枝瑚菌属(Ramaria)、口蘑属(Tricholoma)、鸡油菌属(Cantharellus)和革菌属(Thelephora)的30余种真菌为云南市场上最为常见的野生贸易类群,约占云南优势野生贸易真菌种数的47.50%.作者呼吁立即采取行之有效的措施保护和管理这些珍贵的自然资源,并加强研究,以期达到持续利用之目的. 关键词：Pinus yunnanensis,菌根性食用菌,野生贸易真菌,物种多样性,保护与管理 基金项目：美国国家地理学会 (National Geographic Society C56-04)和中科院知识创新工程重要方向项目 (KSCXZ-1-09-06, KSCX2-SW-101C) 作者简介：刘培贵,通讯作者 Author for correspondence. 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